One of the most stunning monuments of religious significance, a true masterpiece of architecture proudly stands in the form of Sun Temple at Konark. A culmination of Oriya architecture, the temple is a wonderful place as the language of stone defeats the human language here. Built in 13th century by King Narasimha Deva, the temple is designed in the shape of a colossal chariot
with seven horses and twelve wheels, carrying the god Surya (Sun), across heavens. The temple being an important landmark in the coastal voyage of European sailors was named 'The Black Pagoda' by them.

Located at a manageable distance from the seat of Lord Jagannath, Puri at 35 kms; the temple is around 65 kms from the capital city of Bhubaneswar. The name of Konark temple is an amalgamation of two words- Kona meaning corner and Arka meaning the Sun. That is to say that the Sun god worshipped in Ark Kshetra is called Konark. Legend says that after killing the demon Gyasur, Lord Vishnu placed his belongings at several places to commemorate the victory. With his conch at Puri, Disc in Bhubaneshwar and Mace in Jajapur; he placed the Lotus at Konark.

It was dedicated to the Sun god (Arka) popularly called Biranchi-Narayan, and the tract in which it is situated was known as Arka-Kshetra as well as Padma-Kshetra. Among the five great religious zones or Kshetra which were located in Orissa, Konark was considered to be one, the other four being Puri, Bhubaneswar, Mahavinayak, and Jajpur. There are a number of smaller shrines situated in the neighbourhood of the sun temple. In them are found Rameswar, Chitreswara, Tribeniswara, and Utpaleswar, all Siva-lingas and Ramachandi, Rudrani, Khileswari, Charchika and Chitreswari, various forms of goddes Durga. Legends embodied in the Kapila samhita, the Madala Panji, and the Prachi-mahatmya, take the sanctity of Konark back to mythical times. The legends of these late texts are an obvious adaptation of a much earlier tradition as recorded in the Bhavisya Purana and the Samba Purana.

Raghurajpur

Famous for its Patta Chitra painting, this artists' village, 14 kms from Puri, makes an interesting excursion. No village is more involved in preserving India's priceless skills than Orissa's Raghurajpur with its thatched, brick, houses on high plinths with sit-out platforms; and artists busy at work.

The best known creation of Raghurajpur is the Patta Chitra, classical Orissan painting. Originally these pattas were affixed to the sheltering screen behind which Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra (the Puri Trinity) rested for fifteen days. The paper on which Patta Chitras are painted is specially prepared using a paste made of tamarind seeds and powdered chalk. This makes it parchment-tough. On it, using delicate brushes, the fine outlines of the painting are drawn. These, are then, filled in with colors to create pictures from the epics like Mahabharata, and Ramayana, with a delicacy and precision that rivals calligraphy.

The paintings are done on specially prepared cotton cloth which is coated with a mixture of gum and chalk and polished, before natural colors are applied. Little girls sit in front of house with a mural of the great Trinity of Puri, and a flowering creeper in the religious folk-art style. Craftsmen carve effigies out of wood and paint them in vivid, primary, colors. Bright altars for the homes of devotees are nailed together with a jeweller's care, and then painted.

Adapting an unusual art form to the techniques of virtually imperishable palm-leaf manuscripts, the artists of Raghurajpur have evolved Tala Patras. Gods, goddesses, heroes, mythical beings grow as stylus cuts into a yellow-green strip of palm leaf. Dried, the leaves become as hard as slats of wood, the figures permanently engraved on them.

Though the arts of Raghurajpur were originally inspired by religious themes, the artists have responded to changing demands and have begun to handle secular subjects with the same painstaking finesse. Everyone here seems to be an established artist, or an aspiring artist, or a probationary one. And art overflows everywhere, as if the creative people of Raghurajpur cannot contain themselves.

Bhubaneswar :-

Bhubaneswar, the capital of Orissa, is also popularly known as the "Temple City of India". Being the seat of Tribhubaneswar or 'Lord Lingaraj', Bhubaneswar is an important Hindu pilgrimage centre. Hundreds of temples dot the landscape of the Old Town, which once boasted of more than 2000 temples. Bhubaneswar is the place where temple building activities of Orissan style flowered from its very inception to its fullest culmination extending over a period of over one thousand years.

The history of the city stretches back over 2000 years, the area first appears as the ancient capital of Kalinga. Bhubaneshwar, the 'city of temples', named after Tribhuvaneswar, 'Lord of Three Worlds', still preserves over 500 of India's finest temples, around which the religious life of the city revolves. Mythological references and the epigraphic sources describe the area as Ekamra Kshetra and Saiva Pitha. In 1936, the Odisha (Orissa) became a separate province with Cuttack as its Capital, which was eventually changed to Bhubaneswar in 1956. Together with Puri and Konark, Bhubaneswar forms the 'golden triangle', one of the most visited destinations in East India, for its proud possession of magnificent sculpture and majestic architectural heritage.

A Tour of Bhubaneshwar City is incomplete without a visit to the following Tourist Attractions.
There are many interesting Places to See near Bhubaneshwar. Check out Excusions around Bhubaneshwar.

Lingaraja Temple

The great Lingaraja temple, which soars above the city of Bhubaneswar and dominates the landscape as far as 15 km away, represents Orissan temple architecture at its most mature and fully developed stage. It has, in fact, been described as 'time quintessence of Orissan architecture'. Unlike most of the other important temples in Bhubaneswar, the Lingaraja is very
much in active worship, and entrance to the temple compound is prohibited to non-Hindus. There is a viewing platform to one side, however, from which a good look at the compound and the main buildings can be had.

The deul (tower) of the Lingaraja reaches a height of just over 180 feet (55 meters). It is completely curvilinear, and the extraordinary soaring tower can be seen to incorporate miniature replicas of it, in turrets inserted on the ribs of the spire. In addition to the deul and the jagmohana (porch), the Lingaraja adds two new structures: the natamandira (hall of dance) and the bhoga-mandapa (hall of offering). The former was undoubtedly associated with the rising prominence of the devadasi system. Many of the sculptures on the temple itself represent groups of people engaged in various religious and musical activities, and these perhaps relate to the increasing range of activities carried out at the temple, for instance in the two new structures.

By the time the Lingaraja temple was constructed, the Jagannath cult had become predominant throughout Orissa. This is reflected in the fact that the temple deity here, the Svayambhu linga, is not, as in all other cases, strictly a Shiva linga. It is considered to be a 'hari-hara' linga, that is, half Shiva, half Vishnu. This and the variety of deities represented elsewhere on the temple, once again point out the basically syncretic nature of so much of Orissan religion. There are 150 subsidiary shrines within the immense Lingaraja complex, many of them extremely interesting in their own right. Unfortunately, they cannot be visited by non-Hindus.

Rajarani temple

The Rajarani temple, dating back to the eleventh century, is set in open paddy fields, and the entire structure exudes grace and elegance. The name of the temple has been the subject of much debate. The most likely explanation is that the name is related to the lovely red-and- gold sandstone used in its construction, a stone which is known locally as rajarani. The debate is complicated by the fact that the names of all the Hindu temples

in Bhubaneswar dedicated to the God Shiva end in the suffix eswar (for example Parasurameswara, Mukteswara, etc.), while those of the non-Shaivite temples are derived from their presiding deities (e.g. Parvati temple). One major scholar has argued that the name Rajarani was only applied to the temple at a later date (because of the sandstone), and that originally this is the Shiva shrine referred to in early texts as Indreswara. This seems the most likely conclusion.

The jagmohana (porch) is extremely plain, and was evidently repaired in 1903 after having fallen down in ruins. The deul (tower), on the other hand, is spectacularly ornate, and is famous for the aesthetic concept of miniature temple spires clustered around the main tower. The sculptural images of the temple are elegant and lively, especially the beautiful female figures which can be seen in amorous dalliance, as well as engaged in such activities as holding children, looking in mirrors, and playing with pet birds. On the lower register of the deul, on the corner projections, are found the famous 'Guardians of the Eight Directions', watching over (and radiating the temple's power to) the eight cardinal points. Beginning from the left of the entrance to the deul and proceeding in a clockwise direction, they are: Indra (east, chief of the 33 Vedic nature deities); Agni (south-east, Vedic God of fire); Yama (south, God of death); Nirriti (south-west, deity related to suffering); Varuna (west, a Vedic deity of the ocean); Vayu (north-west, wind God); Kubera (north, lord of wealth, shown here with a wish-fulfilling tree); and Ishana (north-east, a form of Shiva).

Dhauli

Surrounded by paddy fields, the Dhauli hill brings back memories of the historic 'Kalinga war' which was fought around here. It is here that Ashoka, the terrible, was transformed into Ashoka, the compassionate and championed the cause of Buddhism. On the foot of the hill one can see the Rock Edicts of Ashoka and the forepart of a skillfully sculpted elephant hewn
out of a huge rock. Dhauli has gained prominence due to the establishment of a Buddhist Peace Pagoda, popularly known as Shanti Stupa, built in the early seventies by the Japan Buddha Sangha and Kalinga Nippon Buddha Sangha. An old temple of Lord Dhavaleswar, reconstructed in 1972, also stands on the hill-top.

Udayagiri and Khandagiri

The caves, 6 km from West of Bhubaneswar city centre, were chiseled out for the ascetic Jain monks, also has some inscriptions describing the exploits of king Kharavel.

Nandankanan

About 20 km from city centre is a Zoo and a botanical garden surrounded by dense forest, famous for breeding of various endangered species, safaris and white tigers. Located at a short distance from Bhubaneshwar, there lies a miraculous zoo in the splendid environs of the Chandaka forest. The zoo contains a botanical garden with the soothing sound of water of the Kanjia

Lake. Due to its being a successful breeding ground for endangered species such as Asiatic lion , Indian crocodiles, Sangal lion, tailed macaque, Nilgiri langur, Indian pangolin, mouse deer and countless birds, reptiles and fish; a part of the zoo has been declared as a sanctuary. Extensive research and concentrated efforts of the zoo officials have been instrumental in giving a new direction to the existence of White Tiger, one of the rarest creatures in the World. The natural environs of Nandankanan facilitated the mating and the entire zoo got filled with unmatchable excitement and jubilation, in 1980 when the first litter of White tigers were born to Deepak and Ganga, to tawny tigers. Subsequent litters of white tigers have been distributed to zoos both home and abroad. Currently, Nandankanan is home to over 34 white tigers and is famous for its white tiger population. Nandankanan or the garden of Gods offering the most natural and growth conducive environment to these royal animals has become an all time favorite for tourists and locals both. TOP Hirapur 15 km southeast of Bhubaneswar, situated on the eastern bank of river Kuakhai, the shrine Chausath Yogini Temple in the village of Hirapur is dedicated to 64 manifestations of the goddess Shakti, who symbolizes female creative energy. All the images, called Yoginis carved out of the black chlorite stone in standing posture (0.6 mt tall) are placed in niches in the sanctum. The inner enclosure of the temple is a circular enclosure with no roof overhead, resembling a Buddhist stupa. In the centre, there stands a mandapa enshrining the image of 'Ekapada Shiva', an incarnation of the Shiva. The outer wall has nine 'Katyayani' images depicting feminine charm at its best housed in its niches. The miniature size of the shrine and its hypaetheral shape makes it an interesting monument. Atri At a distance of 42 km from the Bhubaneswar or about 13 km from Khurda, the hot spring at Atri, near the famous Lord Hatakeswar Temple, is believed to have medicinal properties. The waters of spring with high percentage of sulphur bubbles up from the ground amidst paddy fields. The water is at constant temperature of 55°C is channelized to two ponds comprising a bathing complex for the visitors. The temple is the venue of a grand annual fair, Makar Jatra, on the day of Makar Sankranti when the visitors congregate in large numbers to worship Lord Hatakeswar to fulfill their desires and bath in the ponds to get cure of their diseases. TOP Pipli A small village enveloped in a blaze of color, 15 km South of Bhubaneswar, on the highway to Puri, is home of applique work. The craft originated to serve temples, providing intricately stitched colored awnings and covers for deities and hangings for festival days, details on the craft. Orissa State Museum The museum at the top of Lewis Road, or near Kalpana Square showcases some of Orissa's finer archaeological remains and treasures displayed in various galleries. It has a magnificent collection of various archaeological finds including some Buddhist and Jain sculptures, copper plates, coins and donatives inscriptions from ancient and medieval Kalinga. It boasts traditional and folk musical instruments, heavy jewellery, ancient weapons, tools and some photographs. The highlight of the museum is the rare palm leaf manuscripts and a collection of antique paintings. The well equipped library of the museum has some valuable publications on archaeology, architecture, history, anthropology, philosophy etc. Monday closed. TOP Museum of Man Also known as the Tribal Research Institute, located near the CRP Square, has collection of tribal dresses, weapons and jewellery representing more than 60 different tribal groups mostly concentrated in southern parts of Orissa. Prototypes of the traditional style huts with authentic murals decorating their walls attract a large number of visitors. Sundays closed. Pathani Samantha Planetarium Named after the illustrious astronomer of Orissa, the planetarium situated near the Acharya Vihar Square, features programmes related to astronomy in a domed shaped air conditioned auditorium. The sprawling 4 acre complex has well manicured garden around it. Orissa Modern Art Gallery Set with the sole objective to promote contemporary Orissan art, the Gallery at Surya Nagar has an array of work in oil and water, sculptures, serigraphy, etching, lithography, wood carvings showing myriad aspects of life. TOP Ekamra Haat A showcase of Orissa's art, craft, culture and cuisine, set amidst lush green environ, Ekamra Haat, on a 5 acre plot is managed by IDCO, on behalf of the State government. The architectural design and ambience of Haat matches the activities carried out there. The shops selling ethnic produce not only promote the traditional craft but provide a direct market access to the local artisans and weavers. The infra-structure and facilities also include an open-air theatre, lily pond with water fountain, food stalls, artisan rest rooms and info centre. Other Tourist Attractions of Bhubaneshwar include: BDA Nicco Park and Resorts at Madhusudan Nagar, spread over about 25 acres of land is a family entertainment park with different rides, games and a lighted water fountain; The Rabindra Mandap Auditorium, a centre for regular music and drama events; Ekamrakanan or Government Regional Plant Resource Centre in Nayapalli has a large rose garden, a lake and a cactus garden; Regional Museum of Natural History, near the Acharya Vihar Square, consists of models and photography to create awareness about conservation of natural heritage and our rich biodiversity; Regional Science Centre, near Acharya Vihar Square , has four halls consisting exhibits to popularise science and technology especially among school children; Kalanagar on Khandagiri Road, display handicraft items like horn ware, brass casting, terra-cotta, silver figurines and sculptures and paintings. TOP Chilika Lake Asia's largest brackish water lagoon with water spread ranging from 906 sq km in the dry season to 1165 sq km in the rainy season is nestled in the heart of coastal Orissa. It extends from Bhusandpur in Puri district in the North to Rambha-Malud in Ganjam district in the South, separated from the Bay of Bengal by a 60 km long narrow strip of marshy islands and sand-flats. Some of the prominent islands like Nalabana, Kalijal, Somolo, Honeymoon, Break-fast, Birds and Rajahansa inhabited by small subsistence fishermen families, are popular destinations for daily boat trips. Because of its rich bio-diversity and socio-economic importance, Chilika was designated as a Ramsar site in 1981 to afford better protection. Chilika is recognized as one of the most important wetlands in the world because it is home to a phenomenal variety of birds. Chilika Lake offers visitors a spectacular display of its colorful avian charms in a thousand different hues presented by over 160 species in the peak season between November and February. The lake and its reed islands teem with nesting birds-white bellied sea eagles, ospreys, golden plovers, sand pipers, flamingos, pelicans, shovellers, gulls, include migratory ones flying great distances from Iran, Central Asia and Siberia. The large Nalabana Island (Forest of Reeds) covering about 16 sq km in the lagoon area was declared a bird sanctuary in 1987. The core area of about 9 sq km attracts around 400,000 waterfowls of different species. Often underwater, the island gradually emerges with the outset of summer. It is literally a paradise for bird-watchers. Another major attraction at Chilika is Irrawady dolphins which are often spotted off Satpada Island. Satpada, bounded by the lagoon on three sides offers an excellent view and attracts the visitors to its entire 30 km stretch of sand bar. Boats arranged by OTDC are available for both the islands. The lake also supports the local fisherman in earning their living from Chilika's prawn, mackerel and crabs. Kalijai Temple, standing on one of the tiny rocky island considered to be the abode of the Goddess Kalijai, Shiva's consort Durga, is a pilgrimage spot. Each year at Makar Sankranti, pilgrims flock at the site to leave votive offerings in the cave where the deity is enshrined. A temple dedicated to Lord Varuna, the God of Sea, in the tiny island of Barunakuda near Magarmukh is revered. In a small village of Manikpatna there exists the temple of Bhabakundesvar Shiva and an old Mosque. A piece of unique architecture, the mosque has its entrance door made of jaws of whale. A place of scenic beauty in between the sea and the lake, Brahmapura is also a site to watch small deer, called Baliharina. Others include, Birds Island, a haven for resident and migratory birds. The Parikud and Malud are colourful islands within the lake. The Beacon Island, 3 km from Rambha presents an architectural marvel with a conical pillar and a small room constructed on a submerged mass of rock near Ghantasila Hill. The Breakfast Island and Honeymoon Island present very dark blue water to visitors, who come here to relax. 11 km from Rambha and 21 km from Barkul, Nirmala Jhar, is perennial stream, a great picnic spot and also a place of worship. By the side of a perennial stream, 10 km from Barkul and 22 km from Rambha, Narayani, is a temple site dedicated to Goddess Narayani. Banpur, at a distance of 13 km from Barkul is associated with shrines of Goddess Bhagabati and Dakshya-Prajapati. A former port now a popular seaside resort, Gopalpur-on-sea is 75 km from Barkul and 50 km from Rambha. TOP